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Application of Ultrasound in a Micro Heat Exchanger for Crystallization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Author(s) -
Schoenitz M.,
Joseph S.,
Bunjes H.,
Scholl S.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
chemical engineering and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.403
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1521-4125
pISSN - 0930-7516
DOI - 10.1002/ceat.201200606
Subject(s) - crystallization , differential scanning calorimetry , sonication , ultrasound , heat exchanger , chemical engineering , materials science , ultrasonic sensor , nanoparticle , chemistry , chromatography , thermodynamics , nanotechnology , engineering , physics , acoustics
The application of ultrasound during the batch‐wise as well as continuous crystallization of lipid nanoparticles is reported. For the latter, a micro heat exchanger is modified, allowing the inline application of ultrasound to promote the α‐to‐β transformation of the lipid nanoparticles. Ultrasonication during batch crystallization is carried out in an ultrasonic bath. While for batch processing the application of ultrasound leads to an increase of the fraction of stable β‐polymorph according to differential scanning calorimetry measurements, no significant increase is found for continuous operation. This is a result of one or both of the following effects: The residence time in the continuous micro heat exchanger is approximately 1 s and thus possibly too short for significant influences on the polymorphism or crystallization. Additionally, the ultrasound is induced indirectly to the product side and thus reduced.