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Influence of Solution Composition on the Formation of Crystalline Scales
Author(s) -
Glade H.,
Ulrich J.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
chemical engineering and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.403
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1521-4125
pISSN - 0930-7516
DOI - 10.1002/ceat.200390041
Subject(s) - evaporator , crystallization , evaporation , chemistry , chemical engineering , carbonate , seawater , heat transfer , mass transfer , scaling , capillary action , salt (chemistry) , composition (language) , thermodynamics , chromatography , heat exchanger , organic chemistry , linguistics , physics , oceanography , geometry , mathematics , philosophy , engineering , geology
Scale formation is a difficulty encountered with water containing ions of sparingly soluble salts that can readily precipitate on heat transfer surfaces in evaporative concentration operations. Scale formation, hindering the heat transfer process, increases specific energy consumption and operating costs and causes frequent shut down of the evaporator for cleaning. The effects of changes in composition of the solution due to evaporation and CO 2 release on the formation of crystalline scales in seawater evaporators are studied. A model that predicts the CO 2 release is presented. The carbonate system in the salt solution on its whole flow path through the evaporator and the scaling (crystallization) tendency are described. Simulation results for different process configurations are shown and the differences are discussed, particularly with regard to the incrustation tendency.