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Catalytic Conversion of 1‐butene over Modified Versions of Commercial ZSM‐5 to Produce Clean Fuels and Chemicals
Author(s) -
Silva Andreia F.,
Fernandes Auguste,
Antunes Margarida M.,
Ribeiro Maria F.,
Silva Carlos M.,
Valente Anabela A.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemcatchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.497
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1867-3899
pISSN - 1867-3880
DOI - 10.1002/cctc.201801975
Subject(s) - catalysis , naphtha , diesel fuel , olefin fiber , chemistry , chemical engineering , butene , zeolite , yield (engineering) , organic chemistry , materials science , composite material , ethylene , engineering
The oligomerisation of light olefins, obtainable from fossil/renewable sources and refinery streams, is an attractive route to produce clean synthetic fuels and added‐value chemicals. ZSM‐5 is a type of catalyst used in commercial olefin oligomerisation processes. Using appropriate modification procedures, it was possible to prepare catalysts with improved performances. Various modified versions of commercially available ZSM‐5 were prepared and investigated for 1‐butene oligomerisation under high‐pressure, continuous‐flow operation (30 bar, 200 °C). Simple, up‐scalable top‐down strategies involving base‐acid treatments of ZSM‐5 led to catalysts possessing enlarged pores and the required acidity for converting 1‐butene to higher molar mass products. In targeting diesel type products, the modified catalysts led to up to 86 % butenes conversion, space time yield of 852 mg g cat −1 h −1 and mass ratio diesel:naphtha cuts of 2.2. Characterisation studies and multivariate/principal component analysis helped categorise the differently prepared catalysts, and gain insights into complex interplay of material properties influencing the catalytic reaction.