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Internal Donors in Ziegler–Natta Systems: is Reduction by AlR 3 a Requirement for Donor Clean‐Up?
Author(s) -
Zaccaria Francesco,
Vittoria Antonio,
Correa Andrea,
Ehm Christian,
Budzelaar Peter H. M.,
Busico Vincenzo,
Cipullo Roberta
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
chemcatchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.497
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1867-3899
pISSN - 1867-3880
DOI - 10.1002/cctc.201701422
Subject(s) - chemistry , toluene , catalysis , reactivity (psychology) , alkyl , ziegler–natta catalyst , dibutyl phthalate , natta , phthalate , polymer chemistry , ethyl benzoate , polymerization , medicinal chemistry , organic chemistry , ethylene , polymer , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology
Alkyl benzoates, phthalates, and succinates are used as “internal donors” (ID) to modify the surface of MgCl 2 ‐supported Ziegler–Natta (ZN) catalysts for polypropylene production. Phthalates, in particular, are the working horses of this catalysis, but a REACH ban of these compounds for other applications has generated a desire from the market for phthalate‐free ZN catalysts, which has in turn triggered a search for alternatives and revamped research in the area. It has been reported that under polymerization conditions certain ID classes undergo an extensive exchange with alkoxysilane “external donors” (ED), which represents an important opportunity for surface fine‐tuning. ID clean‐up has been attributed to ester group reduction by the AlR 3 cocatalyst. We have now measured the activation parameters for the reactions of ethyl benzoate (EB), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethyl 2,3‐diisobutylsuccinate (DiBS) with AlEt 3 in toluene solution by means of variable‐temperature 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Reduction is fast for EB and DBP, whereas it is slow for DiBS. Results of DFT calculations are in line with the observed reactivity. Therefore, we conclude that an irreversible reaction with AlEt 3 is not the only option for ID/ED exchange. Possible alternatives are discussed.