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Isomerizing Hydroformylation of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid
Author(s) -
Pandey Swechchha,
Shinde Dinesh R.,
Chikkali Samir H.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
chemcatchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.497
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1867-3899
pISSN - 1867-3880
DOI - 10.1002/cctc.201700717
Subject(s) - hydroformylation , rhodium , selectivity , chemistry , aldehyde , ligand (biochemistry) , cashew nut , cardanol , organic chemistry , phosphine , yield (engineering) , bimetallic strip , medicinal chemistry , catalysis , materials science , biochemistry , receptor , food science , epoxy , metallurgy
A small library of bisphosphorus ligands was evaluated in the rhodium‐catalyzed isomerizing hydroformylation (I‐HF) of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). The rhodium complex of 1,2‐bis((di‐ tert ‐butylphosphanyl)methyl)benzene (BDTBPMB; L4 ) outperformed the other bisphosphite and bisphosphine ligands and unveiled a moderate selectivity of 28 % and 50 % in the I‐HF of CNSL monoene and methoxy‐protected monoene, respectively. The resultant aldehyde 16‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)hexadecanal P1′ was isolated and its identity was fully established. Application of bis‐phosphine ligand L4 in the I‐HF of highly challenging CNSL cardanol ( S3 ) and methoxy‐protected CNSL cardanol yielded a linear selectivity of 74 %, although with reduced conversion. To demonstrate the synthetic utility of our strategy, the obtained aldehyde (derived from S3 ) was subjected to hydrogenation and the resultant 3‐(16‐hydroxyhexadecyl) phenol ( P8 ) was isolated in 89 % isolated yield. High‐pressure NMR investigation revealed selective formation of a bis‐equatorial BDTBPMB–rhodium complex, which might be responsible for the excellent linear selectivity.