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Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural by a DMSO‐like Polymeric Solid Organocatalyst
Author(s) -
Guo Xiawei,
Tang Jinqiang,
Xiang Bo,
Zhu Liangfang,
Yang Huaqing,
Hu Changwei
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
chemcatchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.497
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1867-3899
pISSN - 1867-3880
DOI - 10.1002/cctc.201700136
Subject(s) - chemistry , catalysis , levulinic acid , solvent , thiophene , polymerization , organic chemistry , dehydration , sulfoxide , fructose , polythiophene , polymer , biochemistry , conductive polymer
Novel polymeric solid catalysts, Au@(polythiophene–polythiophene oxides) (Au@PTh–PThO x , x= 1–2), are prepared by chemical over‐oxidative polymerization of thiophene in the presence of Au nanoparticles. These organocatalysts show significantly higher activity than their liquid analogs (i.e., DMSO, a frequently‐used solvent and catalyst) for the catalytic dehydration of fructose into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and exhibit a complete inhibiting effect on HMF rehydration to undesired levulinic acid in low‐boiling solvents. We demonstrate that the sulfoxide (‐SO) group in Au@PTh–PThO x is more active than the sulfone (‐SO 2 ) group, although the formation of the former could be maximized by lowering the concentration of surfactant or improving the concentration of oxidant used in catalyst preparation. The highest HMF yields of 72.6 % and 39.7 % are achieved over Au@PTh–PThO catalyst in 1,4‐dioxane and water, respectively. This catalyst could be completely recycled for use in water without activity loss.