Premium
Disassembling Metal Nanocrystallites into Sub‐nanometric Clusters and Low‐faceted Nanoparticles for Multisite Catalytic Reactions
Author(s) -
OliverMeseguer Judit,
Dominguez Irene,
Gavara Rafael,
LeyvaPérez Antonio,
Corma Avelino
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
chemcatchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.497
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1867-3899
pISSN - 1867-3880
DOI - 10.1002/cctc.201700037
Subject(s) - catalysis , sonogashira coupling , metal , nanoparticle , halide , cluster (spacecraft) , alkyne , materials science , ligand (biochemistry) , photochemistry , nanotechnology , chemistry , palladium , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , metallurgy , biochemistry , receptor , computer science , programming language
Abstract Metal nanocrystallites present saturated atoms, in planes, and unsaturated metal atoms, in corners and vertices, for catalytic applications. However, both sites are spatially complementary and simultaneously excluding for a given particle, thus their number cannot be independently maximized for a catalytic process. Here, it is shown that the independent dosage of Au clusters and metallic Au nanoparticles dramatically improves the catalytic activity of Au for the Sonogashira reaction, enabling the coupling of a wide range of iodo‐, bromo‐, and activated chloro‐derivatives with aromatic and aliphatic alkynes, and outperforming ligand‐free Pd and Cu catalysts. Mechanistic studies reveal that the unsaturated atoms of the cluster activate the alkyne and that the saturated atoms of the metallic nanoparticle preferentially activate the halide, to finally perform the coupling. Thus, a precise combination of sub‐nanometric metal clusters and metal nanoparticles, together, constitute a new catalytic strategy to substitute metal nanocrystallites in reactions in which both unsaturated and saturated atoms play a key role.