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Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanone over Pd–HAP Catalyst in Aqueous Media
Author(s) -
Xu Guangyue,
Guo Jianhua,
Zhang Ying,
Fu Yao,
Chen Jinzhu,
Ma Longlong,
Guo Qingxiang
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
chemcatchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.497
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1867-3899
pISSN - 1867-3880
DOI - 10.1002/cctc.201500442
Subject(s) - cyclohexanone , catalysis , phenol , nanoclusters , selectivity , chemistry , aqueous solution , inorganic chemistry , solvent , heterogeneous catalysis , palladium , hydrogen spillover , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , engineering
The production of pure cyclohexanone under mild conditions over catalysts with high reactivity, selectivity, compatibility, stability, and low cost is still a great challenge. Here we report a hydroxyapatite‐bound palladium catalyst (Pd–HAP) to demonstrate its excellent performance on phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone. Based on catalyst characterization, the Pd nanoclusters (≈0.9 nm) are highly dispersed and bound to phosphate in HAP. Only basic active sites on HAP surface are detected. At 25 °C and ambient H 2 pressure in water, phenol can be 100 % converted into cyclohexanone with 100 % selectivity. This system shows a universal applicability to temperature, pH, solvent, low H 2 purity, and pressure. The catalyst reveals high stability to be recycled without deactivation or morphology change; and Pd nano‐clusters barely aggregate even at 400 °C. During the reaction, HAP adsorbs phenol, and Pd nanoclusters activate and spillover H 2 . The mechanism is also investigated, proposed, and verified.