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Influence of Ph 2 PN(R)P(Ph)N(R)H (R= c ‐Hex, i Pr) Ligand Substituents, Modifier, and Process Parameters on Reaction Kinetics of a Chromium‐based Catalyst for the Selective Trimerization of Ethylene
Author(s) -
Heinig Stefan,
Wöhl Anina,
Müller Wolfgang,
AlHazmi Mohammed H.,
Müller Bernd H.,
Peulecke Normen,
Rosenthal Uwe
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemcatchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.497
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1867-3899
pISSN - 1867-3880
DOI - 10.1002/cctc.201300652
Subject(s) - chemistry , ethylene , catalysis , ligand (biochemistry) , chlorine , medicinal chemistry , chloride , chromium , kinetics , inorganic chemistry , isopropyl , ammonium chloride , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics , biochemistry , physics , receptor
The influence of ligand substituents on a homogeneous, highly selective catalyst system for the ethylene trimerization to 1‐hexene, consisting of chromium(III)acetylacetonate as a chromium source, tetraphenylphosphonium chloride ([Ph 4 P]Cl) or dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride ([CH 3 (CH 2 ) 11 N(CH 3 ) 3 ]Cl) as a modifier and chlorine source, Ph 2 PN( i Pr)P(Ph)N( i Pr)H ( L0 ) as a ligand (Ph=phenyl, i Pr=isopropyl), and triethylaluminum as an activator, was investigated. It was shown that the phosphonium or ammonium salts act as both chlorine source and as modifier for the activator triethylaluminum. Additionally, a systematic parameter study using Ph 2 PN( c ‐Hex)P(Ph)N( c ‐Hex)H ( L1 ) as the ligand ( c ‐Hex=cyclohexyl) was performed and important performance figures for catalyst systems using L0 and L1 ligands, respectively, were compared under different reaction conditions. As a result, both catalyst systems demonstrate very similar kinetics at identical ethylene pressures, temperatures, and ligand concentrations. Additionally, the influence of the modifiers on the performance of the catalyst systems at different ethylene pressures and temperatures was studied in detail. The results suggest that the modifier has a greater influence on the reaction mechanism than expected. Moreover, the influence of the modifier on the catalytic performance was found to be more significant than the impact of the ligand’s chemical nature.