Carbon Nanofiber Supported Transition‐Metal Carbide Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) studies over carbon nanofiber‐supported (CNF) W 2 C and Mo 2 C catalysts were performed on guaiacol, a prototypical substrate to evaluate the potential of a catalyst for valorization of depolymerized lignin streams. Typical reactions were executed at 55 bar hydrogen pressure over a temperature range of 300–375 °C for 4 h in dodecane, using a batch autoclave system. Combined selectivities of up to 87 and 69 % to phenol and methylated phenolics were obtained at 375 °C for W 2 C/CNF and Mo 2 C/CNF at >99 % conversion, respectively. The molybdenum carbide‐based catalyst showed a higher activity than W 2 C/CNF and yielded more completely deoxygenated aromatic products, such as benzene and toluene. Catalyst recycling experiments, performed with and without regeneration of the carbide phase, showed that the Mo 2 C/CNF catalyst was stable during reusability experiments. The most promising results were obtained with the Mo 2 C/CNF catalyst, as it showed a much higher activity and higher selectivity to phenolics compared to W 2 C/CNF.