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Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Ullmann Reaction of Aryl Bromides with Imidazoles in Water Promoted by a pH‐Responsive Ligand
Author(s) -
Lv Rui,
Wang Yangxin,
Zhou Chunshan,
Li Liuyi,
Wang Ruihu
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
chemcatchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.497
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1867-3899
pISSN - 1867-3880
DOI - 10.1002/cctc.201300257
Subject(s) - chemistry , catalysis , phenanthroline , aryl , steric effects , copper , ligand (biochemistry) , selectivity , combinatorial chemistry , ullmann reaction , organic chemistry , medicinal chemistry , alkyl , receptor , biochemistry
A series of 1,10‐phenanthroline derivatives were used as supporting ligands for copper‐catalyzed Ullmann reaction in neat water. The catalytic system based on 4,7‐dihydroxy‐1,10‐phenanthroline has demonstrated the promising catalytic performances for aryl bromides. The catalytic system was applicable to a wide scope of substrates, high catalytic activity and selectivity were observed for the reactions of electron‐deficient, electron‐rich, and heterocyclic aryl bromides with imidazoles containing different steric hindrance. The superior promoting effect of 4,7‐dihydroxy‐1,10‐phenanthroline is attributed to its water solubility under the basic conditions.