Premium
Development of Mesoscopically Assembled Sulfated Zirconia Nanoparticles as Promising Heterogeneous and Recyclable Biodiesel Catalysts
Author(s) -
Das Swapan K.,
ElSafty Sherif A.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
chemcatchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.497
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1867-3899
pISSN - 1867-3880
DOI - 10.1002/cctc.201300192
Subject(s) - catalysis , cubic zirconia , materials science , sorption , chemical engineering , dispersity , mesoporous material , nanoparticle , heterogeneous catalysis , specific surface area , mesophase , biodiesel , selected area diffraction , nanotechnology , organic chemistry , chemistry , composite material , polymer chemistry , adsorption , transmission electron microscopy , ceramic , engineering , liquid crystal , optoelectronics
The nanoassembly of nearly monodisperse nanoparticles (NPs) as uniform building blocks to engineer zirconia (ZrO 2 ) nanostructures with mesoscopic ordering by using a template as a fastening agent was explored. The mesophase of the materials was investigated through powder X‐ray diffraction and TEM analysis (TEM) and N 2 sorption studies. The TEM results revealed that the mesopores were created by the arrangement of ZrO 2 NPs with sizes of 7.0–9.0 nm and with broad interparticle pores. Moreover, the N 2 sorption study confirmed the results. The surface chemical analysis was performed to estimate the distribution of Zr, O, and S in the sulfated ZrO 2 matrices. The materials in this study displayed excellent catalytic activity in the biodiesel reaction for effective conversion of long‐chain fatty acids to their methyl esters, and the maximum biodiesel yield was approximately 100 %. The excellent heterogeneous catalytic activity could be attributed to the open framework, large surface area, presence of ample acidic sites located at the surface of the matrix, and high structural stability of the materials. The catalysts revealed a negligible loss of activity in the catalytic recycles.