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Highly Selective Synthesis of Phenol from Benzene over a Vanadium‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Catalyst
Author(s) -
Ding Guodong,
Wang Weitao,
Jiang Tao,
Han Buxing,
Fan Honglei,
Yang Guanying
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
chemcatchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.497
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1867-3899
pISSN - 1867-3880
DOI - 10.1002/cctc.201200502
Subject(s) - catalysis , graphitic carbon nitride , phenol , benzene , inorganic chemistry , vanadium , chemistry , carbon nitride , materials science , nuclear chemistry , organic chemistry , photocatalysis
Design and preparation of efficient and economical catalysts for direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol is an important topic. In this work, a series of metal‐doped graphitic carbon nitride catalyst (Cu‐, Fe‐, V‐, Co‐, and Ni‐g‐C 3 N 4 ) were successfully synthesized by using urea as the precursor through a facile and efficient method. The catalysts were characterized systematically using N 2 adsorption–desorption, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. It was found that the vanadium‐doped graphitic carbon nitride catalyst V‐g‐C 3 N 4 was the most efficient catalyst for the direct synthesis of phenol from benzene with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant and it could be recycled at least 4 times. The influence of reaction conditions such as the solvent, reaction temperature, reaction time, and the amounts of catalyst and hydrogen peroxide were investigated. Under optimized conditions, 18.2 % yield of phenol was obtained with the selectivity to phenol as high as 100 %.