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Development of a New Generation of Gold Catalysts for Amine Oxidation
Author(s) -
Aschwanden Linda,
Mallat Tamas,
Maciejewski Marek,
Krumeich Frank,
Baiker Alfons
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
chemcatchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.497
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1867-3899
pISSN - 1867-3880
DOI - 10.1002/cctc.201000092
Subject(s) - catalysis , colloidal gold , amine gas treating , calcination , chemistry , substrate (aquarium) , nanoparticle , oxidation state , inorganic chemistry , in situ , organic chemistry , materials science , nanotechnology , oceanography , geology
A new type of outstandingly active gold catalysts has been developed for the aerobic oxidation of amines to imines. The gold nanoparticles are generated in situ in an organic medium prior to the oxidation reaction. Various gold salts, preferably AuCl 3 and HAuCl 4 ⋅3 H 2 O, can be applied in the presence of nanoceria and the amine substrate acts as the reducing agent. The synergism between gold and ceria evacuated at 200 °C has a remarkable positive effect on the oxidation activity. The catalysts have been tested in the oxidation of dibenzylamine, N ‐ tert ‐butylbenzylamine, and indoline. Apparently, the presence of organic and inorganic residue after the in situ catalyst preparation does not diminish the oxidation activity of gold. An alternative, less efficient route is the quantitative adsorption of [Au(PPh 3 )Cl] precursor onto ceria in an organic medium and the subsequent ex situ evolution of gold nanoparticles (ca. 5 nm) via calcination at 250–400 °C. This catalyst is still tenfold more active than conventional supported gold nanoparticles. In addition, it is free from impurities evolving during the in situ preparation and thus may find application in reactions other than amine oxidation.