Premium
Sex influences diaphragm muscle response in exercised mdx mice
Author(s) -
Hermes Túlio de Almeida,
Kido Larissa Akemi,
Macedo Aline Barbosa,
Mizobuti Daniela Sayuri,
Moraes Luiz Henrique Rapucci,
Somazz Marco Cesar,
Cag Valéria Helena Alves,
Minatel Elaine
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
cell biology international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.932
H-Index - 77
eISSN - 1095-8355
pISSN - 1065-6995
DOI - 10.1002/cbin.11057
Subject(s) - diaphragm muscle , mdx mouse , diaphragm (acoustics) , biology , skeletal muscle , anatomy , physics , respiratory system , dystrophin , acoustics , loudspeaker
Physical exercise promotes increased muscle damage in the mdx mice, the experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Studies suggest that the estrogen level in females makes them less susceptible to muscle injuries. The aim of this study was to characterize the diaphragm (DIA) muscle response to physical exercise in male and female mdx mice. The animals were divided into four groups: female sedentary mdx ; male sedentary mdx ; female mdx submitted to exercise; and male mdx mice submitted to exercise. Blood samples were used to determine creatine kinase (CK). Regenerated muscle fibers were indicated by the presence of central nucleus and also inflammation areas were determined in DIA muscle sections. The alpha and beta estrogen receptors (ER) were determined by means of immunohistochemistry evaluation in the dystrophic DIA muscle. Male mdx animals submitted to exercise showed increased CK levels and inflammatory area. The quantification of regenerated fibers was higher in male animals, submitted or not to physical exercise. Greater alpha and beta ER expression was verified in the females submitted to exercise in the DIA muscle than in the other experimental groups. Therefore, estrogen may have contributed to the prevention of increased inflammatory process and DIA injury in females submitted to exercise.