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Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: Chain‐Length Regulation and Control
Author(s) -
Heil Christina S.,
Wehrheim S. Sophia,
Paithankar Karthik S.,
Grininger Martin
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chembiochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.05
H-Index - 126
eISSN - 1439-7633
pISSN - 1439-4227
DOI - 10.1002/cbic.201800809
Subject(s) - fatty acid , biosynthesis , chain (unit) , biochemistry , function (biology) , fatty acid synthesis , chemistry , long chain fatty acid , enzyme , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , physics , astronomy
De novo biosynthesis of fatty acids is an iterative process requiring strict regulation of the lengths of the produced fatty acids. In this review, we focus on the factors determining chain lengths in fatty acid biosynthesis. In a nutshell, the process of chain‐length regulation can be understood as the output of a chain‐elongating C−C bond forming reaction competing with a terminating fatty acid release function. At the end of each cycle in the iterative process, the synthesizing enzymes need to “decide” whether the growing chain is to be elongated through another cycle or released as the “mature” fatty acid. Recent research has shed light on the factors determining fatty acid chain length and has also achieved control over chain length for the production of the technologically interesting short‐chain (C 4 –C 8 ) and medium‐chain (C 10 –C 14 ) fatty acids.