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A Promiscuous Cytochrome P450 Hydroxylates Aliphatic and Aromatic C−H Bonds of Aromatic 2,5‐Diketopiperazines
Author(s) -
Jiang Guangde,
Zhang Yi,
Powell Magan M.,
Hylton Sarah M.,
Hiller Nicholas W.,
Loria Rosemary,
Ding Yousong
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chembiochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.05
H-Index - 126
eISSN - 1439-7633
pISSN - 1439-4227
DOI - 10.1002/cbic.201800736
Subject(s) - hydroxylation , chemistry , cytochrome p450 , biocatalysis , enzyme , stereochemistry , biotransformation , substrate (aquarium) , aromatic amino acids , indole test , organic chemistry , combinatorial chemistry , catalysis , reaction mechanism , biology , ecology
Cytochrome P450 enzymes generally functionalize inert C−H bonds, and thus, they are important biocatalysts for chemical synthesis. However, enzymes that catalyze both aliphatic and aromatic hydroxylation in the same biotransformation process have rarely been reported. A recent biochemical study demonstrated the P450 TxtC for the biosynthesis of herbicidal thaxtomins as the first example of this unique type of enzyme. Herein, the detailed characterization of substrate requirements and biocatalytic applications of TxtC are reported. The results reveal the importance of N‐methylation of the thaxtomin diketopiperazine (DKP) core on enzyme reactions and demonstrate the tolerance of the enzyme to modifications on the indole and phenyl moieties of its substrates. Furthermore, hydroxylated, methylated, aromatic DKPs are synthesized through a biocatalytic route comprising TxtC and the promiscuous N ‐methyltransferase Amir_4628; thus providing a basis for the broad application of this unique P450.