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Enhanced Delivery of Synthetic Labelled Ubiquitin into Live Cells by Using Next‐Generation Ub–TAT Conjugates
Author(s) -
Hameed Dharjath S.,
Sapmaz Aysegul,
Gjonaj Lorina,
Merkx Remco,
Ovaa Huib
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
chembiochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.05
H-Index - 126
eISSN - 1439-7633
pISSN - 1439-4227
DOI - 10.1002/cbic.201800649
Subject(s) - ubiquitin , conjugate , cytoplasm , endocytosis , endosome , peptide , chemistry , deubiquitinating enzyme , biochemistry , cell penetrating peptide , microbiology and biotechnology , cell , biology , mathematical analysis , mathematics , gene
Proteins and other macromolecules can be delivered into live cells by noninvasive techniques using cell‐penetrating peptides. These peptides are easily synthesised by solid‐phase peptide synthesis and can be conjugated onto cargo molecules to mediate cellular delivery. We designed a TAT‐based cell‐penetrating ubiquitin (Ub) reagent by conjugating a dimeric disulfide‐linked TAT peptide to the C terminus of a rhodamine‐labelled Ub (RhoUb) protein. This reagent efficiently enters the cell by endocytosis and escapes from endosomes into the cytoplasm. Once the conjugate is inside the cytoplasm, the delivery vehicle is proteolytically removed by endogenous deubiquitinases (DUBs), at which point the intrinsic ubiquitination machinery is able to incorporate the RhoUb into ubiquitin conjugates. Our approach enables the controlled delivery of labelled or mutant Ub derivatives into cells, increasing our options for studying the ubiquitin system.