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Paenilarvins: Iturin Family Lipopeptides from the Honey Bee Pathogen Paenibacillus larvae
Author(s) -
Sood Sakshi,
Steinmetz Heinrich,
Beims Hannes,
Mohr Kathrin I.,
Stadler Marc,
Djukic Marvin,
von der Ohe Werner,
Steinert Michael,
Daniel Rolf,
Müller Rolf
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chembiochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.05
H-Index - 126
eISSN - 1439-7633
pISSN - 1439-4227
DOI - 10.1002/cbic.201402139
Subject(s) - american foulbrood , biology , honey bee , secondary metabolite , microbiology and biotechnology , pathogen , paenibacillus , bioassay , antimicrobial , biochemistry , gene , botany , genetics , 16s ribosomal rna
The bacterium Paenibacillus larvae has been extensively studied as it is an appalling honey bee pathogen. In the present work, we screened crude extracts derived from fermentations of P. larvae genotypes ERIC I and II for antimicrobial activity, following the detection of four putative secondary metabolite gene clusters that show high sequence homology to known biosynthetic gene clusters for the biosynthesis of antibiotics. Low molecular weight metabolites produced by P. larvae have recently been shown to have toxic effects on honey bee larvae. Moreover, a novel tripeptide, sevadicin, was recently characterized from laboratory cultures of P. larvae . In this study, paenilarvins, which are iturinic lipopeptides exhibiting strong antifungal activities, were obtained by bioassay‐guided fractionation from cultures of P. larvae , genotype ERIC II. Their molecular structures were determined by extensive 2D NMR spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry, and other methods. Paenilarvins are the first antifungal secondary metabolites to be identified from P. larvae . In preliminary experiments, these lipopeptides also affected honey bee larvae and might thus play a role in P. larvae survival and pathogenesis. However, further studies are needed to investigate their function.