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Biosynthetic Code for Divergolide Assembly in a Bacterial Mangrove Endophyte
Author(s) -
Xu Zhongli,
Baunach Martin,
Ding Ling,
Peng Huiyun,
Franke Jakob,
Hertweck Christian
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chembiochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.05
H-Index - 126
eISSN - 1439-7633
pISSN - 1439-4227
DOI - 10.1002/cbic.201402071
Subject(s) - polyketide synthase , polyketide , gene cluster , biology , gene , biochemistry , streptomyces , biosynthesis , stereochemistry , genetics , chemistry , bacteria
Divergolides are structurally diverse ansamycins produced by a bacterial endophyte ( Streptomyces sp.) of the mangrove tree Bruguiera gymnorrhiza . By genomic analyses a gene locus coding for the divergolide pathway was detected. The div gene cluster encodes genes for the biosynthesis of 3‐amino‐5‐hydroxybenzoate and the rare extender units ethylmalonyl‐CoA and isobutylmalonyl‐CoA, polyketide assembly by a modular type I polyketide synthase (PKS), and enzymes involved in tailoring reactions, such as a Baeyer–Villiger oxygenase. A detailed PKS domain analysis confirmed the stereochemical integrity of the divergolides and provided valuable new insights into the formation of the diverse aromatic chromophores. The bioinformatic analyses and the isolation and full structural elucidation of four new divergolide congeners led to a revised biosynthetic model that illustrates the formation of four different types of ansamycin chromophores from a single polyketide precursor.