The Transaldolase Family: New Synthetic Opportunities from an Ancient Enzyme Scaffold

Aldol reactions constitute a powerful methodology for carbon–carbon bond formation in synthetic organic chemistry. Biocatalytic carboligation by aldolases offers a green, uniquely regio‐ and stereoselective tool with which to perform these transformations. Recent advances in the field, fueled by both discovery and protein engineering, have greatly improved the synthetic opportunities for the atom‐economic asymmetric synthesis of chiral molecules with potential pharmaceutical relevance. New aldolases derived from the transaldolase scaffold (based on transaldolase B and fructose‐6‐phosphate aldolase from Escherichia coli ) have been shown to be unusually flexible in their substrate scope; this makes them particularly valuable for addressing an expanded molecular range of complex polyfunctional targets. Extensive knowledge arising from structural and molecular biochemical studies makes it possible to address the remaining limitations of the methodology by engineering tailored biocatalysts.