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Chemotype Diversity of Indigenous Dalmatian Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) Populations in Montenegro
Author(s) -
Stešević Danijela,
Ristić Mihailo,
Nikolić Vuko,
Nedović Marijana,
Caković Danka,
Šatović Zlatko
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemistry and biodiversity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.427
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1612-1880
pISSN - 1612-1872
DOI - 10.1002/cbdv.201300233
Subject(s) - camphene , chemotype , borneol , camphor , salvia officinalis , chemistry , botany , limonene , essential oil , traditional medicine , food science , officinalis , biology , organic chemistry , medicine , alternative medicine , traditional chinese medicine , pathology
To identify how many chemotypes of Salvia officinalis exist in Montenegro, the chemical composition of the essential oils of 12 wild‐growing populations was determined by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. Among the 40 identified constituents, the most abundant were cis ‐thujone (16.98–40.35%), camphor (12.75–35.37%), 1,8‐cineol (6.40–12.06%), trans ‐thujone (1.5–10.35%), camphene (2.26–9.97%), borneol (0.97–8.81%), viridiflorol (3.46–7.8%), limonene (1.8–6.47%), α ‐pinene (1.59–5.46%), and α ‐humulene (1.77–5.02%). The composition of the essential oils under study did not meet the ISO 9909 requirements, while the oils of populations P02 – P04, P09 , and P10 complied with the German Drug Codex. A few of the main essential‐oil constituents appeared to be highly intercorrelated. Strong positive correlations were observed between α ‐pinene and camphene, camphene and camphor, as well as between cis ‐thujone and trans ‐thujone. Strong negative correlations were evidenced between cis ‐thujone and α ‐pinene, cis ‐thujone and champhene, cis ‐thujone and camphor, as well as between trans ‐thujone and camphene. Multivariate analyses allowed the grouping of the populations into three distinct chemotypes, i.e., Chemotype A , rich in total thujones, Chemotype B , with intermediate contents of thujones, α ‐pinene, camphene, and camphor and high borneol contents, and Chemotype C , rich in camphor, camphene, and α ‐pinene. The chemotypes did not significantly differ in the total essential‐oil content and the cis / trans ‐thujone ratio.