Premium
The Volatile Profiles of a Rare Apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. ) Honey: Shikimic Acid‐Pathway Derivatives, Terpenes, and Others
Author(s) -
Kuś Piotr Marek,
Jerković Igor,
Tuberoso Carlo Ignazio Giovanni,
Šarolić Mladenka
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
chemistry and biodiversity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.427
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1612-1880
pISSN - 1612-1872
DOI - 10.1002/cbdv.201200404
Subject(s) - chemistry , malus , vanillin , eugenol , cinnamyl alcohol , terpene , linalool , benzaldehyde , organic chemistry , benzyl alcohol , monoterpene , cinnamaldehyde , chromatography , botany , essential oil , biology , catalysis
The volatile profiles of rare Malus domestica Borkh . honey were investigated for the first time. Two representative samples from Poland (sample I) and Spain (sample II) were selected by pollen analysis (44–45% of Malus spp. pollen) and investigated by GC/FID/MS after headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE). The apple honey is characterized by high percentage of shikimic acid‐pathway derivatives, as well as terpenes, norisoprenoids, and some other compounds such as coumaran and methyl 1 H ‐indole‐3‐acetate. The main compounds of the honey headspace were (sample I; sample II): benzaldehyde (9.4%; 32.1%), benzyl alcohol (0.3%; 14.4%), hotrienol (26.0%, 6.2%), and lilac aldehyde isomers (26.3%; 1.7%), but only Spanish sample contained car‐2‐en‐4‐one (10.2%). CH 2 Cl 2 and pentane/Et 2 O 1 : 2 ( v / v ) were used for USE. The most relevant compounds identified in the extracts were: benzaldehyde (0.9–3.9%), benzoic acid (2.0–11.2%), terpendiol I (0.3–7.4%), coumaran (0.0–2.8%), 2‐phenylacetic acid (2.0–26.4%), methyl syringate (3.9–13.1%), vomifoliol (5.0–31.8%), and methyl 1 H ‐indole‐3‐acetate (1.9–10.2%). Apple honey contained also benzyl alcohol, 2‐phenylethanol, ( E )‐cinnamaldehyde, ( E )‐cinnamyl alcohol, eugenol, vanillin, and linalool that have been found previously in apple flowers, thus disclosing similarity of both volatile profiles.