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Progress towards Development of a Cholera Subunit Vaccine
Author(s) -
Taylor Ronald K.,
Kirn Thomas J.,
Bose Niranjan,
Stonehouse Emily,
Tripathi Shital A.,
Kováč Pavol,
Wade William F.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
chemistry and biodiversity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.427
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1612-1880
pISSN - 1612-1872
DOI - 10.1002/cbdv.200490078
Subject(s) - cholera , vibrio cholerae , cholera vaccine , cholera toxin , virology , pandemic , immunization , antigen , immunity , protein subunit , antibody , vaccination , immunology , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , immune system , medicine , disease , infectious disease (medical specialty) , covid-19 , bacteria , biochemistry , genetics , pathology , gene
Abstract Cholera, an enteric disease that can reach pandemic proportions, remains a world‐wide problem that is positioned to increase in incidence as changes in global climate or armed conflict spawn the conditions that enhance transmission to humans and, thus, precipitate epidemic cholera. An effective subunit cholera vaccine that can provide protective immunity with one parenteral immunization would be a major advantage over the existing oral vaccines that can require two doses for optimal protection. The existing vaccines are clearly effective in some settings, but are less so in others, especially with respect to specific groups such as young (2–5 years) children. In our efforts to develop a cholera subunit vaccine, we focused on two Vibrio cholerae antigens, LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and TCP (toxin co‐regulated pilus), that are known to induce protective antibodies in animal models and, in the case of anti‐LPS antibodies, to be associated with clinical protection of V. cholerae exposed or vaccinated individuals. This review discusses the current cholera vaccines and compares the advantages of a cholera subunit vaccine to that of the whole cell vaccines. We discuss the possible subunit antigens and prospective targeted use of a subunit cholera vaccine.