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The semantic space for facial communication
Author(s) -
Castillo Susana,
Wallraven Christian,
Cunningham Douglas W.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
computer animation and virtual worlds
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.225
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1546-427X
pISSN - 1546-4261
DOI - 10.1002/cav.1593
Subject(s) - computer science , facial expression , space (punctuation) , range (aeronautics) , cognition , variance (accounting) , animation , computer facial animation , nonverbal communication , semantic space , word (group theory) , natural language processing , artificial intelligence , human–computer interaction , computer animation , linguistics , psychology , communication , philosophy , materials science , computer graphics (images) , accounting , neuroscience , business , composite material , operating system
We can learn a lot about someone by watching their facial expressions and body language. Harnessing these aspects of non‐verbal communication can lend artificial communication agents greater depth and realism but requires a sound understanding of the relationship between cognition and expressive behaviour. Here, we extend traditional word‐based methodology to use actual videos and then extract the semantic/cognitive space of facial expressions. We find that depending on the specific expressions used, either a four‐dimensional or a two‐dimensional space is needed to describe the variance in the stimuli. The shape and structure of the 4D and 2D spaces are related to each other and very stable to methodological changes. The results show that there is considerable variance between how different people express the same emotion. The recovered space can well capture the full range of facial communication and is very suitable for semantic‐driven facial animation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.