Open AccessThe impact of sarcopenia on survival and treatment tolerance in patients with head and neck cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy
Author(s) -
Bentahila Rita,
Giraud Philippe,
Decazes Pierre,
Kreps Sarah,
Nay Paula,
Chatain Augustin,
Fabiano Emmanuelle,
Durdux Catherine
Publication year - 2023
Publication title -
cancer medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.403
H-Index - 53
ISSN - 2045-7634
DOI - 10.1002/cam4.5278
Subject(s) - sarcopenia , medicine , chemoradiotherapy , hazard ratio , radiation therapy , positron emission tomography , oncology , head and neck squamous cell carcinoma , cancer , proportional hazards model , head and neck cancer , gastroenterology , nuclear medicine , confidence interval
Abstract Background Sarcopenia appears to be a negative prognostic factor for poor survival outcomes and worse treatment tolerance in patients with head‐and‐neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We evaluated sarcopenia's impact on overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS) and chemo‐radiation tolerance in patients with head‐and‐neck cancer (HNC) treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) from a monocentric observational study. Methods We identified patients with HNC treated by CRT between 2009 and 2018 with pretreatment imaging using positron emission tomography–computed tomography scans (PET/CT). Sarcopenia was measured using the pretreatment PET/CT at the L3 vertebral body using previously published methods. Clinical variables were retrospectively retrieved. Results Of 216 patients identified, 54 patients (25.47%) met the criteria for sarcopenia. These patients had a lower mean body mass index before treatment (21.92 vs. 25.65 cm/m 2 , p < 0.001) and were more likely to have a history of smoking (88.89% vs. 71.52%, p = 0.01), alcohol use (55.56% vs. 38.61%, p = 0.03) and positive human papilloma virus status (67.74% vs. 41.75%, p = 0.011). At 3 years of follow‐up, OS and DFS were 75% and 70% versus 82% and 85% for sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic patients, respectively ( p = 0.1 and p = 0.00015). On multivariate analysis, sarcopenia appeared as a pejorative factor on DFS (hazard ratio 2.174, p = 0.0001) in the overall cohort. Sarcopenic patients did not require more chemotherapy and radiation‐treatment interruptions and did not suffer from more chemo‐induced and radiation‐induced grade 3–4 toxicities than their non‐sarcopenic counterparts. Conclusion Sarcopenia in HNSCC patients is an independent adverse prognostic factor for DFS after definitive chemoradiotherapy.