Open AccessHormone factors play a favorable role in female head and neck cancer risk
Author(s) -
Hashim Dana,
Sartori Samantha,
La Vecchia Carlo,
Serraino Diego,
Dal Maso Luigino,
Negri Eva,
Smith Elaine,
Levi Fabio,
Boccia Stefania,
Cadoni Gabriella,
Luu Hung N.,
Lee YuanChin Amy,
Hashibe Mia,
Boffetta Paolo
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
cancer medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.403
H-Index - 53
ISSN - 2045-7634
DOI - 10.1002/cam4.1136
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , confidence interval , incidence (geometry) , logistic regression , head and neck cancer , larynx , confounding , hormone replacement therapy (female to male) , cancer , gynecology , oncology , obstetrics , surgery , testosterone (patch) , physics , optics
Due to lower female incidence, estimates of exogenous and endogenous hormonal factors in head and neck cancers ( HNC s, comprising cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx) among women have been inconsistent and unable to account for key HNC risk factors. We pooled data from 11 studies from Europe, North America, and Japan. Analysis included 1572 HNC female cases and 4343 controls. Pooled odds ratios ( OR s) estimates and their 95% confidence intervals ( CI s) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. Lower risk was observed in women who used hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) ( OR = 0.58; 95% CI : 0.34–0.77). Pregnancy ( OR = 0.61; 95% CI : 0.42–0.90) and giving birth ( OR = 0.59; 95% CI : 0.38–0.90) at <35 years of age were inversely associated with HNC s. An inverse association with HNC was observed with age at start of HRT use ( OR = 0.59; 95% CI : 0.39–0.90) for each additional 10 years and with duration of use ( OR = 0.87; 95% CI : 0.76–0.99 for every 3 years). Exogenous female hormone use is associated with a nearly twofold risk reduction in female HNC s. The lower female HNC incidence may, in part, be explained by endogenous and exogenous estrogen exposures.