Premium
Poverty's Impact on Children's Executive Functions: Global Considerations
Author(s) -
Haft Stephanie L.,
Hoeft Fumiko
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
new directions for child and adolescent development
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.628
H-Index - 59
eISSN - 1534-8687
pISSN - 1520-3247
DOI - 10.1002/cad.20220
Subject(s) - poverty , disadvantaged , psychology , context (archaeology) , developmental psychology , intervention (counseling) , cognition , executive functions , child poverty , population , economic growth , sociology , geography , economics , demography , archaeology , neuroscience , psychiatry
Poverty detrimentally affects child executive function (EF), a subset of cognitive abilities implicated in reading and other achievement outcomes. Consequently, research has focused on understanding explanatory and mediating mechanisms in this association. This research, however, has mainly involved populations from Western, high‐income countries. Children from low‐ and middle‐income countries comprise a significant proportion of the world's population and are at additional risk for poor EF as a result of a more disadvantaged context. The present review examines global work on poverty and EF to highlight important cross‐national similarities and differences. Findings suggest a global association between poverty and EF and point to cognitive stimulation and environmental enrichment as common mediating variables that may also be moderators and targets for intervention. However, findings also underscore the need to consider the sociocultural context of countries when examining impacts of parenting, schooling, and other metrics. Research and intervention implications are discussed.