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Microsurgical anatomy of the facial nerve
Author(s) -
Yang Seung H.,
Park HaeKwan,
Yoo Do Sung,
Joo Wonil,
Rhoton Albert
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
clinical anatomy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.667
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1098-2353
pISSN - 0897-3806
DOI - 10.1002/ca.23652
Subject(s) - medicine , facial nerve , anatomy , temporal bone , neurovascular bundle , brainstem , magnetic resonance neurography , facial canal , sensory system , hypoglossal nerve , neuroscience , tongue , magnetic resonance imaging , pathology , radiology , biology , psychiatry
The facial nerve connections and pathways from the cortex to the brainstem are intricate and complicated. The extra‐axial part of the facial nerve leaves the lateral part of the pontomedullary sulcus and enters the temporal bone through the internal acoustic meatus. In the temporal bone, the facial nerve branches into fibers innervating the glands and tongue. After it emerges from the temporal bone it supplies various facial muscles. It contains a motor, general sensory, special sensory, and autonomic components. The physician needs comprehensive knowledge of the anatomy and courses of the facial nerve to diagnose and treat lesions and diseases of it so that surgical complications due to facial nerve injury can be avoided. This review describes the microsurgical anatomy of the facial nerve and illustrates its anatomy in relation to the surrounding bone, connective, and neurovascular structures.