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Anatomical complications of epidural anesthesia: A comprehensive review
Author(s) -
Maddali Prasanthi,
Moisi Marc,
Page Jeni,
Chamiraju Parthasarathi,
Fisahn Christian,
Oskouian Rod,
Tubbs R. Shane
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
clinical anatomy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.667
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1098-2353
pISSN - 0897-3806
DOI - 10.1002/ca.22831
Subject(s) - medicine , urinary retention , epidural hematoma , lumbar , epidural space , anesthesia , hematoma , surgery , epidural abscess , abscess
Epidural anesthesia is a versatile technique widely used in treating lumbar spinal pain syndromes. Complications during these procedures can arise either from needle placement or from administration of medication. Potential risks include infection, hematoma, intravascular or subdural injections of medication, direct nerve trauma, air embolism, entry into a disc space, urinary retention, radiation exposure, and hypersensitivity reactions. The objective of this article is to review the complications of lumbar epidural injections and discuss the potential pitfalls related to these procedures. We searched Medline comprehensively for relevant case reports, clinical trials, and review articles. Complications from lumbar epidural injections are extremely rare. Most if not all of them can be avoided by careful techniques with accurate needle placement, sterile precautions, and a thorough understanding of the relevant anatomy and contrast patterns on fluoroscopic imaging. Clin. Anat. 30:342–346, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.