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The C hiari malformations: A review with emphasis on anatomical traits
Author(s) -
Cesmebasi Alper,
Loukas Marios,
Hogan Elizabeth,
Kralovic Sara,
Tubbs R. Shane,
Cohengadol Aaron A.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
clinical anatomy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.667
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1098-2353
pISSN - 0897-3806
DOI - 10.1002/ca.22442
Subject(s) - hindbrain , medicine , cerebellar vermis , anatomy , chiari malformation , cerebellum , congenital malformations , central nervous system , magnetic resonance imaging , radiology , biology , syringomyelia , genetics , pregnancy
Hindbrain herniations come in many forms and have been further subdivided as their original descriptions. For cerebellar tonsillar ectopia, they can be divided into two categories, acquired and congenital. Acquired hindbrain herniations are due to increased intracranial pressure caused by certain conditions such as trauma or brain tumor. Although the mechanism for their formation is not clear, congenital hindbrain herniation makes up the majority of these congenital malformations. Furthermore, these malformations are often found to harbor additional anatomical derailments in addition to the hindbrain herniation whether it be the cerebellar tonsils (Chiari I malformation) or the cerebellar vermis (Chiari II malformation). This article reviews these forms of cerebellar ectopia and describes the details of their anomalous anatomy. Moreover, this article compares and contrasts the differing embryological theories found in this literature. Clin. Anat. 28:184–194, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.