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The roles of apoptotic pathways in the low recovery rate after cryopreservation of dissociated human embryonic stem cells
Author(s) -
Xu Xia,
Cowley Sally,
Flaim Christopher J.,
James William,
Seymour Leonard,
Cui Zhanfeng
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
biotechnology progress
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.572
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1520-6033
pISSN - 8756-7938
DOI - 10.1002/btpr.368
Subject(s) - cryopreservation , apoptosis , embryonic stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , reactive oxygen species , caspase , cell , stem cell , programmed cell death , embryo , biochemistry , gene
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells have enormous potential for clinical applications. However, one major challenge is to achieve high cell recovery rate after cryopreservation. Understanding how the conventional cryopreservation protocol fails to protect the cells is a prerequisite for developing efficient and successful cryopreservation methods for hES cell lines and banks. We investigated how the stimuli from cryopreservation result in apoptosis, which causes the low cell recovery rate after cryopreservation. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is significantly increased, F‐actin content and distribution is altered, and caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 are activated after cryopreservation. p53 is also activated and translocated into nucleus. During cryopreservation apoptosis is induced by activation of both caspase‐8 through the extrinsic pathway and caspase‐9 through the intrinsic pathway. However, exactly how the extrinsic pathway is activated is still unclear and deserves further investigation. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010