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Encapsulation of hemoglobin inside liposomes surface conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) attenuates their reactions with gaseous ligands and regulates nitric oxide dependent vasodilation
Author(s) -
Rameez Shahid,
Guzman Nicole,
Banerjee Uddyalok,
Fontes Jorge,
Paulaitis Michael E.,
Palmer Andre F.,
Patel Rakesh P.,
Honavar Jaideep
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
biotechnology progress
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.572
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1520-6033
pISSN - 8756-7938
DOI - 10.1002/btpr.1532
Subject(s) - chemistry , hemoglobin , ethylene glycol , peg ratio , liposome , nitric oxide , biophysics , conjugated system , vasodilation , kinetics , ethylene oxide , blood substitute , reaction rate constant , vesicle , stereochemistry , biochemistry , organic chemistry , copolymer , membrane , medicine , physics , finance , economics , biology , polymer , quantum mechanics , cardiology
Acellular hemoglobin (Hb)‐based O 2 carriers (HBOCs) are being investigated as red blood cell (RBC) substitutes for use in transfusion medicine. However, commercial acellular HBOCs elicit both vasoconstriction and systemic hypertension which hampers their clinical use. In this study, it is hypothesized that encapsulation of Hb inside the aqueous core of liposomes should regulate the rates of NO dioxygenation and O 2 release, which should in turn regulate its vasoactivity. To test this hypothesis, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugated liposome‐encapsulated Hb (PEG‐LEHs) dispersions were prepared using human and bovine Hb. In this study, the rate constants for O 2 dissociation, CO association, and NO dioxygenation were measured for free Hb and PEG‐LEH dispersions using stopped‐flow UV–visible spectroscopy, while vasoactivity was assessed in rat aortic ring strips using both endogenous and exogenous sources of NO. It was observed that PEG‐LEH dispersions had lower O 2 release and NO dioxygenation rate constants compared with acellular Hbs. However, no difference was observed in the CO association rate constants between free Hb and PEG‐LEH dispersions. Furthermore, it was observed that Hb encapsulation inside vesicles prevented Hb dependent inhibition of NO‐mediated vasodilation. In addition, the magnitude of the vasoconstrictive effects of Hb and PEG‐LEH dispersions correlated with their respective rates of NO dioxygenation and O 2 release. Overall, this study emphasizes the pivotal role Hb encapsulation plays in regulating gaseous ligand binding/release kinetics and the vasoactivity of Hb. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012