Open AccessStimuli‐responsive delivery of therapeutics for diabetes treatment
Author(s) -
Yu Jicheng,
Zhang Yuqi,
Bomba Hunter,
Gu Zhen
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
bioengineering and translational medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2380-6761
DOI - 10.1002/btm2.10036
Subject(s) - insulin delivery , glucose oxidase , drug delivery , phenylboronic acid , medicine , diabetes mellitus , delivery system , pharmacology , insulin , diabetes treatment , type 2 diabetes , chemistry , endocrinology , biochemistry , type 1 diabetes , organic chemistry , biosensor , catalysis
Diabetic therapeutics, including insulin and glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), are essential for diabetic patients to regulate blood glucose levels. However, conventional treatments that are based on subcutaneous injections are often associated with poor glucose control and a lack of patient compliance. In this review, we focus on the different stimuli‐responsive systems to deliver therapeutics for diabetes treatment to improve patient comfort and prevent complications. Specifically, the pH‐responsive systems for oral drug delivery are introduced first. Then, the closed‐loop glucose‐responsive systems are summarized based on different glucose‐responsive moieties, including glucose oxidase, glucose binding protein, and phenylboronic acid. Finally, the on‐demand delivery systems activated by external remote triggers are also discussed. We conclude by discussing advantages and limitations of current strategies, as well as future opportunities and challenges in this area.