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The use of general systems theory as metatheory for developing and evaluating theories in the neurosciences
Author(s) -
Legare Miriam
Publication year - 1987
Publication title -
behavioral science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.371
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1099-1743
pISSN - 0005-7940
DOI - 10.1002/bs.3830320204
Subject(s) - metatheory , computer science , terminology , systems theory , equifinality , cognitive science , artificial intelligence , epistemology , management science , psychology , philosophy , linguistics , economics , programming language
The general designations of neural systems and their levels of organization as presently applied in the neurosciences are described as being at variance with rigorous systems thinking. It is proposed that the rule‐driven use of systems terminology and hierarchies would facilitate investigations of neural functioning in the natural case. General systems theory with its major propositions for hierarchical organization, open systems, and equifinality, is presented as providing the guidelines for developing systems‐type theories for neuroscience investigations. General systems theory as met‐atheory is also used to evaluate hierarchies and systems designations in the neurosciences as these concepts are now applied in theories, models, and research. The meta‐theory is comprised of three sets of rules: (1) the criteria for hierarchies; (2) the properties of the open biological system; (3) the criteria for the final conditions of open biological systems. The notion of the discovery of neural systems is contrasted with the apparent design of systems as frequently practiced by neuroscientists. The metatheory is summarized as directions for developing theories and as questions directed toward any neuroscience theory proposing levels of organization and systems.