Open AccessDepression, anxiety disorders, and metabolic syndrome in a population at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Author(s) -
Kahl Kai G.,
Schweiger Ulrich,
Correll Christoph,
Müller Conrad,
Busch MarieLuise,
Bauer Michael,
Schwarz Peter
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
brain and behavior
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.915
H-Index - 41
ISSN - 2162-3279
DOI - 10.1002/brb3.306
Subject(s) - anxiety , medicine , depression (economics) , metabolic syndrome , diabetes mellitus , type 2 diabetes mellitus , anxiety disorder , population , major depressive disorder , type 2 diabetes , psychiatry , generalized anxiety disorder , outpatient clinic , obesity , endocrinology , amygdala , economics , macroeconomics , environmental health
Abstract Background Depressive symptoms have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but less is known about anxiety disorders that can be comorbid or exist without depression. Methods We evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in subjects consecutively examined at an outpatient clinic for diabetes prevention who were at‐risk for T2 DM , defined by FINDRISK scores, and compared metabolic syndrome (MetS) frequencies between subjects with and without psychiatric morbidity, entering also relevant variables for MetS into multivariate analyses. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT ). Psychiatric diagnosis was confirmed using a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM ‐ IV . Results Of 260 consecutively screened subjects, 150 (56.9 ± 8.1 years old, males = 56.7%, BMI = 27.2 ± 4.1 kg/m 2 ) were at‐risk for T2 DM and were included. MetS, present in 27% of males and 25% of females, was significantly associated with having a current anxiety disorder ( P < 0.001) and lifetime major depression ( P < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, MetS was significantly associated with lifetime major depression, presence of any anxiety disorder, body weight, and physical activity. Conclusions Our data in a high‐risk group for T2 DM support the association between depressive disorders and MetS, pointing to a similar role of anxiety disorders. Screening for anxiety and depression is recommended in this group at risk for T2 DM .