Open AccessGunn rats with glial activation in the hippocampus show prolonged immobility time in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test
Author(s) -
Arauchi Ryosuke,
Hashioka Sadayuki,
Tsuchie Keiko,
Miyaoka Tsuyoshi,
Tsumori Toshiko,
Limoa Erlyn,
Azis Ilhamuddin A.,
OhNishi Arata,
Miura Shoko,
Otsuki Koji,
Kanayama Misako,
Izuhara Muneto,
Nagahama Michiharu,
Kawano Kiminori,
Araki Tomoko,
Liaury Kristian,
Abdullah Rostia A.,
Wake Rei,
Hayashida Maiko,
Inoue Ken,
Horiguchi Jun
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
brain and behavior
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.915
H-Index - 41
ISSN - 2162-3279
DOI - 10.1002/brb3.1028
Subject(s) - gliosis , tail suspension test , hippocampus , astrogliosis , behavioural despair test , microglia , astrocyte , endocrinology , medicine , dentate gyrus , neun , neuroinflammation , immunohistochemistry , neuroscience , pathology , psychology , chemistry , central nervous system , inflammation , antidepressant
Recent studies imply that glial activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and major depression. We previously demonstrated that Gunn rats with hyperbilirubinemia show congenital gliosis and schizophrenia‐like behavior. Methods As it has been suggested that major depression involves glial activation associated with neuroinflammation, we examined whether Gunn rats show depression‐like behavior using the forced swimming test ( FST ) and the tail suspension test ( TST ). In addition, we quantitatively evaluated both microgliosis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus of Gunn rats using immunohistochemistry analysis of the microglial marker ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule (Iba) 1 and the astrocytic marker S100B. Results Both the FST and TST showed that immobility time of Gunn rats was significantly longer than that of normal control Wistar rats, indicating that Gunn rats are somewhat helpless, a sign of depression‐like behavior. In the quantification of immunohistochemical analysis, Iba1immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus ( DG ), cornu ammonis ( CA ) 1, and CA 3 and the number of Iba1‐positive cells in the CA 1 and CA 3 were significantly increased in Gunn rats compared to Wistar rats. S100B immunoreactivity in the DG , CA 1, and CA 3 and the number of S100B‐positive cells in the DG and CA 3 were significantly increased in Gunn rats compared to Wistar rats. Conclusion Our findings suggest that both microglia and astrocyte are activated in Gunn rats and their learned helplessness could be related to glial activation.