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Identification of estrogenic/anti‐estrogenic compounds in diesel exhaust particulate extract
Author(s) -
Noguchi Keiko,
Toriba Akira,
Chung Sang Woon,
Kizu Ryoichi,
Hayakawa Kazuichi
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
biomedical chromatography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.4
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1099-0801
pISSN - 0269-3879
DOI - 10.1002/bmc.861
Subject(s) - chemistry , chromatography , fraction (chemistry) , extraction (chemistry) , diesel exhaust , dichloromethane , phenol , high performance liquid chromatography , silica gel , diesel fuel , organic chemistry , solvent
Diesel exhaust particulate extract (DEPE) was obtained from diesel exhaust particulates with Soxhlet extraction using dichloromethane. After separating DEPE into 11 fractions by liquid–liquid extraction, the neutral fraction (N) showed anti‐estrogenic activity and the weak acid (phenol) fraction (WA P ) showed estrogenic and anti‐estrogenic activities by a yeast two‐hybrid assay system expressing human estrogen receptor α . Both fractions were thoroughly fractionated by silica gel column chromatography and reversed‐phase HPLC. In the WA P fraction, 3‐methyl‐4‐nitrophenol and 2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐nitrophenol were identified by LC‐MS/MS as estrogenic compounds. This is the first study to identify 2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐nitrophenol in DEPE and the first study to show that it is an estrogenic compound. In the N fraction, 1‐hydroxypyrene was also identified by LC‐MS/MS as an anti‐estrogenic compound. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.