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Determination of three antidepressants in urine using simultaneous derivatization and temperature‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection
Author(s) -
Alizadeh Nabil Ali Akbar,
Nouri Nina,
Farajzadeh Mir Ali
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
biomedical chromatography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.4
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1099-0801
pISSN - 0269-3879
DOI - 10.1002/bmc.3396
Subject(s) - chemistry , chromatography , derivatization , disperser , detection limit , extraction (chemistry) , flame ionization detector , solvent , gas chromatography , sample preparation , high performance liquid chromatography , organic chemistry , chemical engineering , engineering
This paper presents a fast and simple method for the extraction, preconcentration and determination of fluvoxamine, nortriptyline and maprotiline in urine using simultaneous derivatization and temperature‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (TA‐DLLME) followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC‐FID). An appropriate mixture of dimethylformamide (disperser solvent), 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane (extraction solvent) and acetic anhydride (derivatization agent) was rapidly injected into the heated sample. Then the solution was cooled to room temperature and cloudy solution formed was centrifuged. Finally a portion of the sedimented phase was injected into the GC‐FID. The effect of several factors affecting the performance of the method, including the selection of suitable extraction and disperser solvents and their volumes, volume of derivatization agent, temperature, salt addition, pH and centrifugation time and speed were investigated and optimized. Figures of merit of the proposed method, such as linearity ( r 2 > 0.993), enrichment factors (820–1070), limits of detection (2–4 ng mL −1 ) and quantification (8–12 ng mL −1 ), and relative standard deviations (3–6%) for both intraday and interday precisions (concentration = 50 ng mL −1 ) were satisfactory for determination of the selected antidepressants. Finally the method was successfully applied to determine the target pharmaceuticals in urine. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.