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Background  The Endoscopic Surgical Skill Qualification System (ESSQS) was introduced in Japan to improve the quality of laparoscopic surgery. This cohort study investigated the short‐ and long‐term postoperative outcomes of colorectal cancer laparoscopic procedures performed by or with qualified surgeons compared with outcomes for unqualified surgeons.    Methods  All laparoscopic colorectal resections performed from 2010 to 2013 in 11 Japanese hospitals were reviewed retrospectively. The procedures were categorized as performed by surgeons with or without the ESSQS qualification and patients' clinical, pathological and surgical features were used to match subgroups using propensity scoring. Outcome measures included postoperative and long‐term results.    Results  Overall, 1428 procedures were analysed; 586 procedures were performed with ESSQS‐qualified surgeons and 842 were done by ESSQS‐unqualified surgeons. Upon matching, two cohorts of 426 patients were selected for comparison of short‐term results. A prevalence of rectal resection (50·3  versus  40·5 per cent;  P  < 0·001) and shorter duration of surgery (230  versus  238 min;  P  = 0·045) was reported for the ESSQS group. Intraoperative and postoperative complication and reoperation rates were significantly lower in the ESSQS group than in the non‐ESSQS group (1·2  versus  3·6 per cent,  P  = 0·014; 4·6  versus  7·5 per cent,  P  = 0·025; 1·9  versus  3·9 per cent,  P  = 0·023, respectively). These findings were confirmed after propensity score matching. Cox regression analysis found that non‐attendance of ESSQS‐qualified surgeons (hazard ratio 12·30, 95 per cent c.i. 1·28 to 119·10;  P  = 0·038) was independently associated with local recurrence in patients with stage II disease.    Conclusion  Laparoscopic colorectal procedures performed with ESSQS‐qualified surgeons showed improved postoperative results. Further studies are needed to investigate the impact of the qualification on long‐term oncological outcomes.

Impact of technically qualified surgeons on laparoscopic colorectal resection outcomes: results of a propensity score‐matching analysis