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Biologically rapid synthesized silver nanoparticles from aqueous Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract: Effects on hyphal growth, hydrolytic enzymes, and biofilm formation in Candida albicans
Author(s) -
Wunnoo Suttiwan,
Paosen Supakit,
Lethongkam Sakkarin,
Sukkurd Rattanavadee,
Waenngoen Tassanai,
Nuidate Taiyeebah,
Phengmak Manthana,
Voravuthikunchai Supayang P.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
biotechnology and bioengineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.136
H-Index - 189
eISSN - 1097-0290
pISSN - 0006-3592
DOI - 10.1002/bit.27675
Subject(s) - biofilm , candida albicans , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , yeast , eucalyptus camaldulensis , hypha , biochemistry , biology , bacteria , botany , genetics , eucalyptus
Bionanotechnology has increasingly gained attention in biomedical fields as antifungal and antibiofilm agents. In this study, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (bio‐AgNPs) using aqueous Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract were successfully performed by a one‐step green approach. Spherical‐shaped nanoparticles, approximately 8.65 nm, exhibited noncytotoxicity to erythrocytes, HeLa, and HaCaT cells. The synthesized nanoparticles showed strong fungicidal activity ranging from 0.5 to 1 µg/ml. The nanoparticles affected Candida adhesion and invasion into host cells by reduced germ tube formation and hydrolytic enzyme secretion. Inhibitory effects of bio‐AgNPs on Candida biofilms were evaluated by the prevention of yeast‐to‐hyphal transition. A decrease in cell viability within mature biofilm demonstrated the ability of bio‐AgNPs to penetrate into the extracellular matrix and destroy yeast cell morphology, leading to cell death. Molecular biology study on biofilms confirmed downregulation in the expression of genes ALS3 , HWP1 , ECE1 , EFG1 , TEC1 , ZAP1 , encoding hyphal growth and biofilm development and PLB2 , LIP9 , SAP4 , involved in hydrolytic enzymes. In addition to candida treatment, the bio‐AgNPs could be applied as an antioxidant to protect against oxidative stress‐related human diseases. The findings concluded that bio‐AgNPs could be used as an antifungal agent for candida treatment, as well as be incorporated in medical devices to prevent biofilm formation.