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Fabrication and evaluation of 3D printed BCP scaffolds reinforced with ZrO 2 for bone tissue applications
Author(s) -
Sa MinWoo,
Nguyen BaoNgoc B.,
Moriarty Rebecca A.,
Kamalitdinov Timur,
Fisher John P.,
Kim Jong Young
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
biotechnology and bioengineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.136
H-Index - 189
eISSN - 1097-0290
pISSN - 0006-3592
DOI - 10.1002/bit.26514
Subject(s) - scaffold , materials science , biomedical engineering , tissue engineering , mesenchymal stem cell , fused deposition modeling , 3d printing , composite material , medicine , biology , microbiology and biotechnology
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a promising 3D printing and manufacturing step to create well interconnected porous scaffold designs from the computer‐aided design (CAD) models for the next generation of bone scaffolds. The purpose of this study was to fabricate and evaluate a new biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffold reinforced with zirconia (ZrO 2 ) by a FDM system for bone tissue engineering. The 3D slurry foams with blending agents were successfully fabricated by a FDM system. Blending materials were then removed after the sintering process at high temperature to obtain a targeted BCP/ZrO 2 scaffold with the desired pore characteristics, porosity, and dimension. Morphology of the sintered scaffold was investigated with SEM/EDS mapping. A cell proliferation test was carried out and evaluated with osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells. Mechanical testing and cell proliferation evaluation demonstrated that 90% BCP and 10% ZrO 2 scaffold had a significant effect on the mechanical properties maintaining a structure compared that of only 100% BCP with no ZrO 2 . Additionally, differentiation studies of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on BCP/ZrO 2 scaffolds in static and dynamic culture conditions showed increased expression of bone morphogenic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) when cultured on BCP/ZrO 2 scaffolds under dynamic conditions compared to on BCP control scaffolds. The manufacturing of BCP/ZrO 2 scaffolds through this innovative technique of a FDM may provide applications for various types of tissue regeneration, including bone and cartilage.