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Interaction of infectious viral particles with a quaternary ammonium chlorid (QAC) surface
Author(s) -
Tsao IFu,
Wang Henry Y.,
Shipman Charles
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
biotechnology and bioengineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.136
H-Index - 189
eISSN - 1097-0290
pISSN - 0006-3592
DOI - 10.1002/bit.260340508
Subject(s) - infectivity , bovine serum albumin , chemistry , adsorption , viral envelope , ammonium chloride , ammonium , dithiothreitol , virus , ultracentrifuge , benzalkonium chloride , virology , microbiology and biotechnology , chromatography , biochemistry , biology , enzyme , organic chemistry
The antiviral activity of a surface‐bonded quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC) was examined in this study. The mechanism of inactivation was elucidated by a combination of infectivity assay, radioactive labeling assay, and sedimentation analysis. Although the virions are still infectious when attached onto the chemically modified surface, we found these viruses are inactivated if they are eluted from the surface. The inactivation is caused by the disruption of the viral envelope with subsequent release of the nucleocapsid. No evidence indicates the released nucleocapsid is further disrupted. An enveloped virus shows a much higher affinity for the QAC‐treated surface than a nonenveloped one due to hydrophobic interaction. The QAC‐treated beads can effectively remove the enveloped viruses at low protein concentrations. The titer of herpes simplex virus was reduced by a factor of nearly 5 logarithm units in a 0.5 wt % bovine serum albumin solution with less that 10% protein loss. However, the presence of proteins in the solution reduced both the rate and capacity of this nonspecific adsorption–inactivation process. As a consequence, the removal efficiency is relatively poor in solutions with high protein content.