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Human endothelial cell growth and phenotypic expression on three dimensional poly(lactide‐ co ‐glycolide) sintered microsphere scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Author(s) -
Jabbarzadeh Ehsan,
Jiang Tao,
Deng Meng,
Nair Lakshmi S.,
Khan Yusuf M.,
Laurencin Cato T.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
biotechnology and bioengineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.136
H-Index - 189
eISSN - 1097-0290
pISSN - 0006-3592
DOI - 10.1002/bit.21495
Subject(s) - tissue engineering , scaffold , angiogenesis , microbiology and biotechnology , cell adhesion , cell growth , biomedical engineering , cell , adhesion , cell culture , endothelial stem cell , chemistry , materials science , biology , in vitro , biochemistry , medicine , cancer research , genetics , organic chemistry
Bone tissue engineering offers promising alternatives to repair and restore tissues. Our laboratory has employed poly(lactid‐co‐glycolide) PLAGA microspheres to develop a three dimensional (3‐D) porous bioresorbable scaffold with a biomimetic pore structure. Osseous healing and integration with the surrounding tissue depends in part on new blood vessel formation within the porous structure. Since endothelial cells play a key role in angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels from pre‐existing vasculature), the purpose of this study was to better understand human endothelial cell attachment, viability, growth, and phenotypic expression on sintered PLAGA microsphere scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination showed cells attaching to the surface of microspheres and bridging the pores between the microspheres. Cell proliferation studies indicated that cell number increased during early stages and reached a plateau between days 10 and 14. Immunofluorescent staining for actin showed that cells were proliferating three dimensionally through the scaffolds while staining for PECAM‐1 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule) displayed typical localization at cell–cell contacts. Gene expression analysis showed that endothelial cells grown on PLAGA scaffolds maintained their normal characteristic phenotype. The cell proliferation and phenotypic expression were independent of scaffold pore architecture. These results demonstrate that PLAGA sintered microsphere scaffolds can support the growth and biological functions of human endothelial cells. The insights from this study should aid future studies aimed at enhancing angiogenesis in three dimensional tissue engineered scaffolds. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98: 1094–1102. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.