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Simultaneous expression and maturation of the iron‐sulfur protein ferredoxin in a cell‐free system
Author(s) -
Boyer Marcus E.,
Wang ChiaWei,
Swartz James R.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
biotechnology and bioengineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.136
H-Index - 189
eISSN - 1097-0290
pISSN - 0006-3592
DOI - 10.1002/bit.20830
Subject(s) - ferredoxin , chemistry , incubation , cell free protein synthesis , sulfur , biochemistry , cysteine , ferrous , cell free system , ammonium sulfate , yield (engineering) , protein biosynthesis , cell , chromatography , enzyme , organic chemistry , materials science , metallurgy
The model iron‐sulfur (Fe‐S) protein ferredoxin (Fd) from Synechocystis sp . PCC 6803 has been simultaneously produced and matured in a cell‐free production system. After 6 h of incubation at 37°C, Fd accumulated to >450 µg/mL. Essentially all was soluble, and 85% was active. Production and maturation of the protein in the cell‐free system were found to be dependent in a coupled manner on the concentration of the supplemented iron and sulfur sources, ferrous ammonium sulfate and cysteine, respectively. The recombinant expression of ISC helper proteins during cell extract preparation did not increase cell‐free Fd accumulation or activity, although the efficiency of iron and cysteine utilization increased. Fd maturation was independent of protein production rate, and proceeded at a constant rate throughout the period of active translation. In addition, incubation of denatured apo Fd with cell‐free reaction components resulted in recovery of Fd activity, supporting the interpretation that maturation mechanisms did not act co‐translationally. Incubation at 28°C increased total and active protein accumulation, but decreased the ratio of active to total Fd produced. In summary, the high product yields and folding efficiency make the cell‐free system described here an attractive platform for the study of Fe‐S protein production and maturation. The system enables both small‐volume, high throughput investigations as well as larger scale production. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of directed, high‐yield production and maturation of an Fe‐S protein in a cell‐free system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.