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Real‐time detection of 13 C NMR labeling kinetics in perfused EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells and βHC9 mouse insulinomas
Author(s) -
Mancuso A.,
Beardsley N.J.,
Wehrli S.,
Pickup S.,
Matschinsky F.M.,
Glickson J.D.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
biotechnology and bioengineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.136
H-Index - 189
eISSN - 1097-0290
pISSN - 0006-3592
DOI - 10.1002/bit.20191
Subject(s) - cell culture , citric acid cycle , chemistry , glutamate receptor , kinetics , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , metabolism , biology , genetics , receptor , physics , quantum mechanics
A method was developed for obtaining high signal‐to‐noise 13 C NMR spectra of intracellular compounds in metabolically active cultured cells. The method allows TCA cycle labeling kinetics to be determined in real time without significant oxygen transport limitations. Cells were immobilized on the surface of nonporous microcarriers that were either uncoated or coated with polypeptides and used in a 12‐cm 3 packed bed. The methods were tested with two EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cell lines, one strongly adherent and the other moderately adherent, and a weakly adherent mouse insulinoma line (βHC9). For both EMT6 lines, NTP and oxygen consumption measurements indicated that the number of cells in the spectrometer ranged from 6 × 10 8 to 1 × 10 9 . During infusion of [1‐ 13 C]glucose, labeling in C‐4 glutamate (indicative of flux into the first half of the TCA cycle) could be detected with 15‐min resolution. However, labeling for C‐3 and C‐2 glutamate (indicative of complete TCA cycle activity) was fivefold lower and difficult to quantify. To increase TCA cycle labeling, cells were infused with medium containing [1,6‐ 13 C 2 ]glucose. A 2.5‐fold increase was observed in C‐4 glutamate labeling and C‐3 and C‐2 glutamate labeling could be monitored with 30‐min resolution. Citrate synthase activity was indirectly detected in real time, as [3,4‐ 13 C 2 ]glutamate was formed from [2‐ 13 C]oxaloacetate and [2‐ 13 C]acetate (of acetyl‐CoA). Cell mass levels observed with βHC9 cells were somewhat lower. However, the 13 C S/N was sufficient to allow real‐time monitoring of the response of intracellular metabolite labeling to a step change in glucose and a combined glutamine/serum pulse. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.