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Predicting the open conformations of protein kinases using molecular dynamics simulations
Author(s) -
Bjarnadottir Una,
Nielsen Jens Erik
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
biopolymers
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.556
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1097-0282
pISSN - 0006-3525
DOI - 10.1002/bip.21704
Subject(s) - molecular dynamics , chemistry , phosphorylation , docking (animal) , kinase , protein data bank (rcsb pdb) , binding pocket , biophysics , stereochemistry , enzyme , biochemistry , computational chemistry , biology , medicine , nursing
Protein kinases (PK) control phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells, and thereby regulate metabolic pathways, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and transcription. Consequently, there is significant interest in manipulating PK activity and treat diseases by using small‐molecule drugs. All PK catalytic domains undergo large conformational changes as a result of substrate binding and phosphorylation. The “closed” state of a PK catalytic domain is the only state able to phosphorylate the target substrate, which makes the two other observed states (the “open” and the “intermediate” states) interesting drug targets. We investigate whether molecular dynamics (MD) simulations starting from the closed state of the catalytic domain of protein kinase A (C‐PKA) can be used to produce realistic structures representing the intermediate and/or open conformation of C‐PKA, because this would allow for drug docking calculations and drug design using MD snapshots. We perform 36 ten‐nanosecond MD simulations starting from the closed conformation [PDB ID: ATP] of C‐PKA in various liganded and phosphorylated states. The results show that MD simulations are capable of reproducing the open conformation of C‐PKA with good accuracy within 1 ns of simulation as measured by Cα root mean square deviations (RMSDs) and RMSDs of atoms defining the ATP‐binding pocket. Importantly, we are able to show that even without knowledge of the structure of the open form of C‐PKA, we can identify the MD snapshots resembling the open conformation most using the open structure of a different PK displaying only 23% sequence identity to C‐PKA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 65–72, 2012.