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Diversity of DNA Nanostructures and Applications in Oncotherapy
Author(s) -
Zhan Yuxi,
Ma Wenjuan,
Zhang Yuxin,
Mao Chenchen,
Shao Xiaoru,
Xie Xueping,
Lin Yunfeng
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
biotechnology journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.144
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1860-7314
pISSN - 1860-6768
DOI - 10.1002/biot.201900094
Subject(s) - aptamer , nanotechnology , dna , immunogenicity , computational biology , biology , chemistry , materials science , genetics , immune system
DNA nanotechnology is a new frontier in the field of tumor biotherapy. Simple DNA strands can be precisely constructed for integration into nanostructures of desired shapes and sizes, with excellent stability and biocompatibility. In this review, an account of the wide range of nanostructures composed of DNA sequences and related advances in oncotherapy using aptamers and chemical drugs is given. Functional ligands, including enzymes, antibodies, and agents, have been appended to DNA frameworks based on their external and internal modifiability. Hence, additional functionalities, such as immunogenicity and enzymatic activity, have been obtained, which extend their practical applications. Importantly, aptamers and drugs can be attached to or incorporated into the wireframes, bringing in highly selective targeting and killing abilities for the modified DNA nanostructures (DNs). In conclusion, distinct DNA sequences, various functional molecules, and different interactions and modifications lead to the diversity of DNs. Currently, one of the leading areas is their applications in tumor therapy. But beyond that, DNs should have much wider application prospects.