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Scalable Production and Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles: Available Sources and Lessons from Current Industrial Bioprocesses
Author(s) -
Paganini Carolina,
Capasso Palmiero Umberto,
Pocsfalvi Gabriella,
Touzet Nicolas,
Bongiovanni Antonella,
Arosio Paolo
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
biotechnology journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.144
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1860-7314
pISSN - 1860-6768
DOI - 10.1002/biot.201800528
Subject(s) - extracellular vesicles , biochemical engineering , upstream (networking) , scalability , production (economics) , industrial production , isolation (microbiology) , extracellular vesicle , computer science , nanotechnology , microbiology and biotechnology , process engineering , engineering , chemistry , microvesicles , biology , materials science , bioinformatics , computer network , microrna , biochemistry , macroeconomics , database , gene , keynesian economics , economics
Potential applications of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attracting increasing interest in the fields of medicine, cosmetics, and nutrition. However, the manufacturing of EVs is currently characterized by low yields. This limitation severely hampers progress in research at the laboratory and clinical scales, as well as the realization of successful and cost‐effective EV‐based products. Moreover, the high level of heterogeneity of EVs further complicates reproducible manufacturing on a large scale. In this review, possible directions toward the scalable production of EVs are discussed. In particular, two strategies are considered: i) the optimization of upstream unit operations and ii) the exploitation of well‐established and mature technologies already in use in other industrial bioprocesses.