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Engineered and Natural Promoters and Chromatin‐Modifying Elements for Recombinant Protein Expression in CHO Cells
Author(s) -
Romanova Nadiya,
Noll Thomas
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
biotechnology journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.144
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1860-7314
pISSN - 1860-6768
DOI - 10.1002/biot.201700232
Subject(s) - promoter , chromatin , biology , scaffold/matrix attachment region , chinese hamster ovary cell , transcription (linguistics) , microbiology and biotechnology , epigenetics , transcription factor , gene expression , genetics , chromatin remodeling , gene , cell culture , linguistics , philosophy
Promoters play a pivotal role in integrating and processing the signals related to transcription initiation. Strong natural viral promoters, such as hCMV or SV40E, have been routinely employed to achieve a high rate of gene expression in ubiquitously used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. However, viral promoters are susceptible to epigenetic silencing and lack precise regulation levers. This has paved the way to more sensible control elements: endogenous, inducible, and synthetic promoters. In this review we summarize and discuss the use of natural viral, mammalian, and endogenous promoters, as well as recent advances in synthetic promoters and inducible systems for protein expression in CHO cells. Not only the level of transcription, but its long‐term stability is crucial for recombinant protein production. Epigenetic chromatin‐modifying elements, such as ubiquitously acting chromatin opening elements (UCOEs), matrix attachment regions (MARs), insulators and stabilizing anti‐repressors (STARs) significantly improve transcription levels over extended cultivation time and are also discussed here. This review provides up‐to date information to facilitate the choice of a suitable promoter and adjacent chromatin‐modifying elements to maximize transgene expression as well as ensure long‐term expression stability in CHO cell culture.